Filters are plastic or glass layers settled in front of the lens of a camera to block inevitable light waves to reach the sensor. Although most filters are designed for Dslr lenses, generic filters can also be purchased and used together with compact digital cameras.
There are many filters out there but I am going to talk about three of the most useful types.
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The first one is called the Uv filter. Uv stands for ultraviolet and it is the electromagnetic rays that can damage your skin and your camera sensor. If most of your photography activities are indoors then this filter may not be useful for you. But it is extremely critical for outdoors. This filter not only protects the sensor from ultraviolet rays but it also physically protects the front of the lens. This is one of the most generic and cheapest filter but extremely essential.
The second one is called the Cp-L filter. This filter is actually a polarizer. The filter has a polarizer that can be rotated on a thin surface. This filter allows photographers to adjust inevitable light rays to pass straight through the lens and onto the sensor. This filter is handy to minimize reflections from a subject. For example, when shooting a lake, a polarizer may be used to sell out the reflection of the lake, enabling the camera to visibly see the fishes swimming in the lake.
The third one is called Nd Grad. Filter. This is an acronym for Neutral Density Graduation filter. Unlike the old two filters, this filter is separated into two separate regions. The filter is separated into half and one region is darker than the other. The dark region gradually becomes light as it approaches the other half. This filter is useful for scenery photography when the sky is normally overexposed to compensate the exposure of the land. This filter is use to darken the sky and balances the exposure stops between the sky and the land to furnish an equally exposed subject. With this filter, the brightness range of the composure is also reduced thus solving the subject-brightness range question in cameras
There are a few classifications for this filter. There are normally two values of an Nd Grad. Filter: 0.3 and 0.6. The 0.3 filters are used for 1 stop recompense where as the 0.6 filters are used for 2 stops compensation. (Each stop is the stop difference between the sky and the land) For each value, there's soft and hard graduation from the dark region to the light region
All lens filters are also categorized with their diameter. That is all about filters now. If you have some money to spare, get a filter today and try it out! There are lots of potentials in photography when using a filter. Ask your local store for some recommendations as well.
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